japa :

Phytochemistry:

Flowers reported to yield hisbiscetin.

- Flowers yield polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins.

- Polysaccharides which promote wound healing and are immune-modulating.

- Studies have isolated flavonoids, cyanidin, quercetin, hentriacontane, calcium oxalate, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid.

- Constituent study of flowers yielded total anthocyanin of 165 mg/kg; tannin, ascorbic acid, and total polyphenol were 11.8g/kg, 478 mg/kg, and 14.4 mg/g respectively. Screening also yielded alkaloids and saponins.

- Analysis of flowers in grams (g) or milligrams (mg) per 100g yielded: 0 calories per 100g, water 89-8%, protein 0.06g, fat o.4g, carbohydrate 0g, fiber 1.56g, ash 0g; minerals - calcium 4mg, phosphorus 27 mg, iron 1.7 mg; vitamins A 0mg, thiamine 0.03mg, riboflavin 0,05mg, niacin 0.6mg, vitamin C 4.2mg.|

- Phytochemical screening of methanol extract of flowers yielded alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, phytosterols, phenolic compound, tannins, saponins, proteins, and amino acids.

- Phytochemical screening of leaf extracts yielded tannins (+++), combined anthraquinones (+++), cardiac glycosides (+++) and alkaloids (+) in lesser concentration. Mineral composition in mg/g showed Ca 772.57±0.01, K 181.00±0.50, P 42.38±0.01, Na 0.33±0.09 Mn 2.40±0.03.

- Proximate analysis of fresh leaves yielded moisture content (9.03%), protein (10.44%), fat (6.43%), crude fiber (11.55%), ash (11.22%), and carbohydrate (51.33%). Inorganic content yielded cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn)