Yava:
Morphology:
Root – Fibrous, 0.5 to 1 cm thick; cylindrical, glabrous, greyish-brown.
Stem – Cylindrical, 0.4 to 0.6 cm thick; hollow, slightly flattened, smooth; internode long, shining yellow; node short, bearing sheath; fracture, fibrous.
Leaf – Linear-Ianceolate, 15 to 25 cm long, upper one dose to the spike; sheath smooth, striate; yellowish-grey. Inflorescence – Spike, terminal, linear-oblong, compressed spikelet sessile, 6 to 8 cm long, 6-rowed type; dark cream.
Fruit – A caryopsis, elliptic, oblong, ovoid and tapering at both ends; smooth, about 1 cm long and 0.2 to 0.3 cm wide; dorsally compressed and flattened on the sides with a shallow longitudinal furrow; 3 to 5 ridged having shallow depression between them; grains tightly enclosed and adhering to the lemma and palea; a long awn present on the palea; pale greenish-yellow; taste, sweetish acrid.
Histology:
Root – Shows single layered epidermis, covered by striated cuticle; cortex composed of about 4 to 6 layers of round to polygonal, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells having intercellular spaces; vascular bundles arranged in discontinuous ring, each having usual elements; pith very wide composed of round to polygonal thin-walled, parenchymatous cells having intercellular spaces.
Stem – Shows single layered epidermis, covered by thick cuticle; hypodermis composed of 5 to 6 layered, round to polygonal, lignified, sclerenchymatous cells; ground tissue consisting of 5 to 7 layered, round to polygonal, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells having intercellular spaces; vascular bundles containing of usual elements found scattered in ground tissues.
Leaf – Shows single layered epidermis covered by thick cuticle on either surface; a few big or bulliform cells are present in upper and lower epidermis, mesophyll not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma; vascular bundles conjoint, collateral, closed, each covered by bundle sheath; stomata paracytic, present on both surfaces; stomatal number 9 to 17 per sq. mm on lower surface. 5 to 8 per sq. mm on upper surface; stomatal index 15 to 23 on lower surface, 9 to 15 upper surface.
Fruit -shows single layered epidermis consisting of crescent-shaped, round to oval wavy walled cells, followed by 2 or 3 layers of thick-walled, sclerenchymatous fibres; below the sclerenchyma are present irregular, square or quadrilateral, spongy parenchymatous cells, a few cell walls having silica bodies through which run the fibro-vascular bundles of the ribs, followed by more or less, polygonal inner epidermal cells, a few inner epidermal cells having unicellular claw-shaped hair and stomata; pericarp composed of cells with more or less compressed parenchymatous cells; seed coat appears as a colourless line; perisperm composed of cells with more or less wavy walls having narrow lumens; endosperm divided into two zones, 2 to 4 cells deep aleurone layers, and the rest starch layers; starch grains simple, round to oval, measuring 3 to 30 n in dia.
Powder – Light creamish-yellow; shows fragments of epidermal cells, parenchyma, groups of tubular, elongated lignified cells, polygonal, thin-walled parenchymatous epidermal cells of palea with intercellular spaces, in surface view, thin-walled, conical trichomes with large lumen, measuring 30 to 180 n in length and upto 20 n in width and stomata, selerenchymatous fibres, scalariform vessels, abundant round to oval, simple starch grains having concentric striations, measuring 3 to 30 n in dia.
- » Classification and names of Yava
- » Synonyms and definitions of Yava
- » Drug Properties of Yava
- » Chemical Constituents of Yava
- » Standardization of Yava
- » Parts used and Dosage of Yava
- » Morphology and Histology of Yava
- » Distribution and Conservation of Yava
- » Cultivation of Yava
- » Yava in the market
- » Medicinal Uses of Yava
- » Researches and clinical trails of Yava
- » Yavain other sytems of medicine
- » Ayurvedic formulations with Yava
- » Images of Yava
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