Folkloric

- Pulped roots used for sore eyes, or applied to head of children for boils.

- In Cambodia, decoction of roots used as diuretic.

- Decoction of root, mixed with prepared indigo, used by the Hausas as a powerful abortifacient.

- Roots and leaves used as emmenagogue and anthelmintic.

- Roots used in the treatment of hysteria and nervous disorders.

- Decoction of bark used for burns and scalds.

- Internally, bark used for jaundice, enlargement of the spleen, stones, and as alterative in leprosy and obstinate skin afflictions.

- Malays use decoction of leaves for hoarseness.

- Decoction of leaves used for stomachache, after childbirth, for venereal diseases, and as tonic.

- In Java, used for leucorrhea.

- Henna, mixed with Plumbago, used as abortifacient. 

- In Morocco, used a vulnerary.

- Cataplasm used for leprosy and skin affections.

- Paste of leaves used for diseases of the fingernails and whitlow.

- In Java, used for herpes.

- Crushed leaves, made into a paste with oil or resin, applied to the temples for headache.

- Decoction of leaves used as astringent gargle.

- An ointment made from the leaves used for wounds and ulcers.

- Fresh juice of leaves, with sugar and water, used for spermatorrhea.

- Infusion of flowers applied to bruises; taken internally for headaches.

- In Antilles, infusion of flowers used as emmenagogue.

- In Nigeria, used as antimalarial; also for cosmetic purposes. Leaf decoction used for wound cleansing and healing. Paste of powdered roasted seed mixed with gingerly oil used for treatment of ring worm. Also used as blood tonic. 

- In Malaysia, fresh bruised leaves applied as poultice on burning sensation of the feet; also used for treating boils, circumcision wounds and flatulence. In Indonesia, paste of leaves use for herpes infection; also applied for diseases of the fingernails. Small twigs used as toothbrush. (

- Dye: Extensively used in shampoos, rinses, brillantines, gives the color a rich, auburn tint. Dye used for coloring tails and manes of horses; for dyeing Morocco leather and wool. Used in various cosmetic products.

- Tattoo / Art: Used for temporary tattooing, body art.

- Preservative: Used as preservative for cloth and leather.

- Fuel: Wood suitable as firewood. 

- Fiber: In Kenya, stems used for making fishing baskets. 

- Fodder: Leaves browsed by livestock.