Culinary

- In the Konkan, the plant is eaten with other herbs as vegetable. 

Folkloric

- In the Philippines, leaves are brewed in decoction and used as astringent for hemorrhoids.

- In Martinique, plant is used as tonic and stimulant. Also used for hemorrhoids.

- Leaves applied to the head in cases of headache, with it cooling effect, somewhat allaying the pain.

- The seeds in confection are cooling and demulcent; used for dysentery and diarrhea.

- Seeds considered by some as aphrodisiac.

- Used as alternative therapy for diabetes.

- In Siddha medicine, seeds used to cure diarrhea; roots used as tonic.

- In Tamil Nadu, India, paste made from crushed seeds used to treat stomach problems.  In India, plant decoction used for headache and seeds used as stimulant and for treatment of internal injuries of the nerves and kidney. 

- Used for headaches, constipation, hypertension, scabies, IBS, erysipelas, mouth ulcers, abscesses, and as antifertility medicine.

- In Ayurveda, used as antioxidant, contraceptive, stomachic, emollient; vapor of plant inhaled to kill tooth worms. Leaf decoction used for piles, diarrhea, dysentery. Leaf paste applied to head for cooling effect.