Folkloric

- Used for fever and liver ailments.

- Used for diarrhea.

- Abortifacient.

- Extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine, found in 26 Ayurvedic formulations to treat liver disorders.

- Called "Indian echinacea" for its use in the prevention and treatment of the common cold.

- In Traditional Chinese Medicine, use for fevers and to remove toxins from the body.

- In Scandinavian countries, used to prevent and treat common colds.

- In China, India, Thailand and Malaysia, used for treatment of sore throat, flu, upper respiratory tract infections. 

- In India, decoction of powdered herb used for post-partum burning sensation in the palm and foot. Leaf mixed with grounded black pepper used for dysmenorrhea. Roots and stems made into paste, mixed with mothers milk and taken internally for intestinal worm infestation. Powdered herb mixed in oil applied to eczema. Leaf paste used externally for abscesses. Aerial parts used for diabetes